Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of mare's milk for freshness and safety using generally accepted organoleptic and physicochemical studies. The material for our research was samples of mare's milk (n = 45) taken from the farm of the Almaty region. In the course of the study, samples of mare's milk were taken from the farms of the Almaty region. All studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratories of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, which is equipped with the necessary modern equipment. The novelty of the work is monitoring the safety and quality of mare's milk from various farms in the Almaty region in a comparative aspect and assessing the safety of mare's milk by studying physical and chemical indicators. The organoleptic parameters of mare's milk taken from the farms of the Almaty region corresponded to the standard of GOST requirements and there were no deviations in appearance, color, smell, taste. Physicochemical studies of mare's milk taken from various farms in the Almaty region were within the normal range specified in the standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The density value varied 1.029 -1.034 g / cm3, acidity values did not exceed 7 Tº, the highest SNF value reached 9.56% in mare's milk obtained from the third farm. Mass fraction of fat was in the range of 2.5-3.3%. The mass fraction of protein varied in the following values: 3.65-4.89%. According to the research results, it can be concluded that the mare's milk produced in the Almaty region meets the requirements in terms of quality and safety and is not falsified.
01 Introduction
The full text of the article is available for download in PDF format on the right panel.
02 References
- 1. Kra K.A.S., Mégnanou R.M., Akpa E.E., Assidjo N.E., Niamké L.S. Evaluation of physico-chemical, nutritional and microbiological quality of raw cow’s milk usually consumed in the central part of Côte d’ivoire//AJFAND. – 2013. -№13 (3). – P. 7890-7904. doi: 227942-1-10-20130711
- 2. Hemalatha S., Shanthi S. In vitro characterization of bacteriocin producing Bacillus subtilis from milk samples// Afican J. Microbiol. Resea. -2010. - № 4(19). – P. 2004 – 2010.
- 3. Turner, G.V. Food Hygiene/ G.V. Turner, C.M. Veary. Pretoria:University of Pretoria Press, 1990. – 214 p.
- 4. Ismail M.M., Ammar E.M.A., El-Shazly A.A., Eid M.Z. Impact of cold storage and blending different lactations of cow’s milk on the quality of Domiati cheese// Afr. J. Food Sci. -2010. -№4(8). – P. 503 – 513.
- 5. Akalin A.S., Unal G., Dinkci N. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory and starter culture activities in probiotic yoghurt: Effect of sodium–calcium caseinate and whey protein concentrate//International Journal of Dairy Technology. - 2018. - №71 (S1). – P. 185–194. https ://doi. org/10.1111/1471-0307.12427
- 6. Aryana K. J., Olson D.W. A 100-Year Review: Yogurt and other cultured dairy products//Journal of Dairy Science, -2017.- №100 (12). – P. 9987–10013. https ://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12981
- 7. Канарейкина С.И. Оценка экологической безопасности сырого кобыльего молока// Известия Оренбургского государственного аграрного университета. - 2011.- №2. – С. 179-182.
- 8. Ahrabi A.F., Handa D., Codipilly C.N., Shah S., Williams J.E., McGuire M.A., Potak D., Aharon G.G., Schanler R.J. Effects of extended freezer storage on the integrity of human milk// The Journal of Pediatrics. – 2017.- №177. – P. 140-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.024
- 9. Sercan K., Jaime S., Steven A.F., Barile D. Thoroughbred mare’s milk exhibits a unique and diverse free oligosaccharide profile// Febs open bio. - 2018. - №3. – P.1219-1222. doi:10.1002/2211-5463.12460
- 10. Karav S., Le Parc A., de Moura J.N., Frese S.A., Kirmiz N., Block D.E., Barile D., Mills D.A. Oligosaccharides released from milk glycoproteins are selective growth substrates for infant-associated bifidobacteria// Appl Environ Microb. – 2016.- № 82.- P. 3622–3630.
- 11. Sema R., Shimelis M., Ashebr A. Milk Safety Assessment, Isolation, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus in Selected Dairy Farms of Mukaturi and Sululta Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia//Veterinary Medicine International. – 2019. - №1.- P.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/30631856.
- 12. Foekel C., Schubert R., Kaatz M., Schmidt I., Bauer A., Hipler U.C., Vogelsang H., Rabe K., Jahreis G. Dietetic effects of oral intervention with mare’s milk on the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis, on faecal microbiota and on immunological parameters in patients with atopic dermatitis//International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. -2019.- №60 (7). – P.41-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480802249082
- 13. Zava S., Barello C., Pessione A., Perono Garoffo L., Fattori P., Montorfano G., Conti A., Giunta C., Pessione E., Berra B., Giuffrida M.G. Mare’s colostrum globules stimulate fibroblast growth in vitro: a biochemical study// Journal of Medicinal Food. -2019.- №12(4). - P.836-845. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0139
- 14. Massimo M., Francesca M., Andrea S., Primo M. Protein and fat composition of mare's milk: some nutritional remarks with reference to human and cow's milk// International Dairy Journal. -2002.-№12 (11). – С. 869-887.
- 15. Толекова Ш.Н., Шарманов Т.Ш., Синявский Ю.А. Создание нового специализированного продукта на основе кобыльего молока для профилактики обменно-алиментарных нарушений// Experimental Biology. – 2019. -№3(80). – C.38-67.
- 16. Czyżak-Runowska G., Wójtowski J., Niewiadomska A., Markiewicz-Keszycka M. Quality of fresh and stored mares’ milk//Mljekarstvo. - 2018. - №68 (2). – P. 108-115. /dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10144.
- 17. Costa G.V., Bondan C., Alves L.P., Fiala Rechsteiner S. Composition of milk and mammary gland health in Criollo breed mares during lactation// Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. – 2019.-№ 71 (4). – С. 1348-1354.
- 18. Zhang M., Dang N., Ren D., Zhao F., Ruirui L., Teng M., Qiuhua B., Bilige M., Wenjun L. Comparison of Bacterial Microbiota in Raw Mare’s Milk and Koumiss Using PacBio Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Technology// Front. Microbiol. - 2020.- №58. – P. 1610-1616. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.581610
- 19. Guo L., Xu W., Li Ch., Ya M., Guo Y., Qian J., Zhu J. Production technology, nutritional, and microbiological investigation of traditionally fermented mare milk (Chigee) from Xilin Gol in China// Food Science and Nutrition. – 2019. - №8. – P. 257-264. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1298
- 20. Minjigdorj N., Baldirj O., Austbo D. Chemical composition of Mongolian mare milk//Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. – 2012. - №62 (2). – P. 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2012.720999
- 21. Kondybayev A., Loiseau G., Achir N., Mestres Ch., Konuspayeva G. Fermented mare milk product (Qymyz, Koumiss)// International Dairy Journal. – 2021. -№119.- P. 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105065
- 22. Čagalj M., Brezovečki A., Mikulec N., Antunac N. Composition and properties of mare's milk of Croatian Coldblood horse breed// Mljekarstvo / Dairy. -2014. - №64 (1). – P. 3-11.
- 23. Pieszka M., Huszczyński J., Szeptalin A. Comparison of mare’s milk composition of different breeds//Nauka Przyroda Technologie. - 2011. -№ 5 (6). – P.112.
- 24. Kücükcetin A., Yaygin H., Hinrichs J., Kulozik U. Adaptation of bovine milk towards mares’ milk composition by means of membrane technology for koumiss manufacture// International Dairy Journal. – 2003. -№ 13. – P. 945-951.
- 25. Pagliarini E., Solaroli G., Peri C. Chemical and physical characteristics of mare’s milk.// Italian Journal of Food Science. – 1993. - № 4. – P. 323-332.
- 26. Mariani P., Summer A., Martuzzi F., Formaggioni P., Sabbioni, A., Catalano, A.L. Physicochemical properties, gross composition, energy value and nitrogen fractions of Halflinger nursing mare milk throughout 6 lactation months // Animal Research. – 2001. - №50. – P. 415-425.
- 27. Guo L., Xu W., Li Ch., Guo Y., Chagan I. Comparative study of physicochemical composition and microbial community of Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag, traditionally fermented dairy products from Xilin Gol in China// Food Science and Nutrition. – 2021. - №9(3). – P. 1564-1573. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2131
- 28. Канарейкина С.Г., Гареева И.И., Кулида Л.С., Канарейкин В.И. Исследование состава пастеризованного кобыльего молока// Инновационная деятельность науки и образования в агропромышленном производстве: межд.конф. (Курск, 28 февраля 2019 года). Курск: Изд-во Университета, 2019. С.311-315.